Are Chefs Losing Control? The Hidden Battle Between AI and Copyright Licensing Revealed
Journal articles, and all kinds of science communications in a broader sense, highly depend on the fair use. New knowledge is essentially built on the existing and widely copyrighted data, information, and knowledge. Since new manuscripts, which are submitted to journals as individual outputs at the end of a research process, are “exceedingly transformative”, thus the fair use doctrine is applied. But, there is another aspect to it. Despite having thousands of academic publishers and tens of thousands of journals, the publishing industry is an extremely closed world. It is often run by norms, practices, and traditions as well as business interests, rather than laws alone. That’s why no two journals of the same discipline are considered to negatively affect each other’s potential market or value — an important aspect of fair use. Rather, the more each cites the other’s articles, the “market value” of the cited journal increases as measured by different citation-based metrics. This further translates into revenues (doesn’t matter if a journal is commercial or not-for-profit) given the ten or so billion dollar market size of academic publishing.
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